有机膨润土对溶液中阿莫西林的吸附性能研究

应用膨润土吸附阿莫西林,探讨了4种吸附剂的吸附效果,并以改性十六烷基三甲基铵盐(DK1)为试验材料,研究了吸附时间、溶液pH值、投加量、初始质量浓度和温度等因素对有机膨润土吸附溶液中阿莫西林效果的影响。结果表明,在自然pH值条件下,DK1的吸附剂效果最佳,且吸附在15min内快速达到平衡。吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程,同时符合Freundlich、Langmuir和Temkin型等温吸附方程,是个吸热的过程,Langmuir理论最大吸附容量在30℃时可达27.86mg/g。对等温方程的研究表明,DK1对阿莫西林的吸附呈单分子层形式,吸附性能良好,易于进行。     

HDTMA改性蒙脱土的稳定性

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)改性天然蒙脱土,观察其在不同环境条件下的稳定性.试验结果表明:随着阳离子交换量(CEC)的增加改性蒙脱土在蒸馏水中的稳定性逐渐降低,1.0CEC改性蒙脱土中HDTMA发生解吸.改性蒙脱土在水体中的稳定性随着振荡强度的加强而降低.从室温到70℃对改性蒙脱土的稳定性几乎无影响.超声波处理使改性蒙脱土的稳定性有所降低.NaCl能提高水体中改性蒙脱土的稳定性,而CaCl₂却使其稳定性有所下降.同酸性条件相比,在碱性条件下改性蒙脱土的稳定性更好.因此,废水的温度、pH和无机盐对低改性蒙脱土稳定性的影响都比较小,这为改性蒙脱土处理废水和它的再生提供了可能.同时在较低振荡强度下,改性蒙脱土也许还能成为废水生物处理的载体.     

Preparation and performance of novel APP/NaY–Fe suppressant for coal dust explosion

Coal dust explosion occurs easily in the coal chemical industry. To ensure safety in industrial production, NaY zeolite was used as carrier modified with Fe ions and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to prepare a novel composite suppressant for coal dust explosion. The explosion suppression performance of novel APP/NaY–Fe suppressant was investigated by flame propagation inhibition experiments. The results show that Fe ion modification can effectively improve the explosion suppression performance. By increasing content, the explosion suppression performance of the explosion suppressant increases. The maximum explosion pressure P_max of coal dust drops to 0.13 MPa when 50 wt% explosion suppressants were added, and the coal dust explosion cannot continue to expand. Complete suppression of explosion could be achieved by adding 66 wt% explosion suppressants. Combined with XRD, SEM and TG results, the explosion suppression mechanism was proposed. The novel explosion suppressant has high thermal stability, good dispersity and its explosion suppression components distribute uniformly. It shows good explosion suppression performance by the synergistic effect among explosion-suppression components.     

腐殖酸修饰凹凸棒对U(Ⅵ)的吸附性能及机理

采用腐殖酸(HA)修饰凹凸棒(ATP)制备得到腐殖酸/凹凸棒(HA/ATP),用于去除废水中的U(Ⅵ).通过静态吸附实验,研究了溶液初始pH、投加量、吸附时间和初始浓度对吸附的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线能谱图(EDS),傅里叶红外光谱仪(FITR)分析吸附机理.实验结果表明,去除率随时间的增大而增大,在120 min内可以达到平衡;吸附剂投加量越大,溶液pH =6左右时越有利于U(Ⅵ)的去除;HA/ATP能多次重复使用,且经过5次吸附解吸后对U(Ⅵ)的去除率仍能达到96％.吸附过程均符合Langmuir和Frendlich等温方程.较之准一级动力学,准二级动力学模型能更好地拟合实验数据.SEM-EDS、FITR分析结果表明,U(Ⅵ)被成功地吸附到了HA/ATP的表面,吸附机理为络合作用.     

改性糠醛渣吸附脱硫废水中钙离子

石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫技术中石灰石利用率低导致钙流失严重,为实现脱硫废水中Ca2+的资源化利用,进行糠醛渣改性和Ca2+的吸附特性研究。实验结果表明,利用H3PO4改性后的糠醛渣对脱硫废水中Ca2+具有较高的吸附率;在振荡的前30 min吸附率上升极快,至90 min时基本达到平衡吸附量;对Ca2+浓度对吸附率影响研究结果表明,平衡吸附量与平衡浓度关系符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;在初始Ca2+浓度为300 mg/L的溶液中加入3 g吸附剂,温度30℃条件下振荡90 min,平衡吸附量为8.41 mg/g。     

改性粉煤灰合成沸石对甲基橙的吸附动力学

以粉煤灰(FA)为原料,采用水热晶化一步法制备了Na P1型沸石(ZFA),对合成产物的结构进行了表征,并采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对其进行改性。通过静态吸附实验,研究了改性后Na P1型沸石(MZFA)对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附特性,从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,在所研究的浓度条件下,改性Na P1型沸石对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,在25℃时,静态饱和吸附量(Qm)为64.76 mg/g。动力学分析表明,改性Na P1型沸石对溶液中甲基橙的吸附符合准二级动力学模型。     

PVA-SbQ固定叶绿体及其生物传感器在检测除草剂中的应用

聚乙烯－苯乙烯吡啶（PVA－SbQ）是一种新的光敏聚合物，在紫外光诱导下形成大分子网状结构，电镜照片显示PVA－SbQ固定的新鲜菠菜叶绿体－20℃贮存6mo后，内，外膜结构完整，类囊体膜排列整齐，还原DPIP的能力保留50％，将叶绿体膜固定在铂电极上，制成生物传感器，在含0．035H2O2的50mmol L^-1,pH7.4Tris-HCl缓冲液中，25℃条件下用示差脉冲伏安法检测除草剂，在0－1.0 μg/L浓度范围，百草枯，敌草隆，扑草净和阿特闰津具有较好的线性关系。图6参29     

水杨醛改性壳聚糖对金属离子的吸附性能

研究了以水杨醛改性的壳聚糖及其衍生物对Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋的静态吸附性能，结果表明，该类吸附剂对Ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋具有良了的吸附性能，其吸附量可分别达４５５．２和１０５．５ｍｇ·ｇ＾－１，并能在Ｃｏ＾２＋存在下选择吸附Ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋。     

水平基因转移及其在污染修复中的应用

水平基因转移加速了部分生物体基因组的进化和革新;但随着基因改造生物的大量运用,由水平基因转移引起的生态安全问题越来越成为人们争论的焦点.由于大量异生污染物的产生,污染地区成为细菌水平基因转移的一个"热点"区域.为了实现污染地区的生物修复及强化难降解废水处理的效果,人为的制造和加快特定降解基因的水平转移被认为是解决这些问题的一个新思路.图2参57     

Conservation Biology, Genetically Modified Organisms, and the Biosafety Protocol

Abstract:  Concerns have been raised regarding the potential adverse effects on biological diversity of the use of living modified organisms (LMOs, which are commonly known by similar terms such as genetically modified organisms). At the international level these concerns are addressed in part by an agreement known as the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and include potential toxic effects of insect-resistant crops on nontarget organisms and potential ecological effects of gene flow from modified crops, fish, microorganisms, or insects to wild species or counterparts. We reviewed the protocol's main provisions, including those dealing with risk assessment and risk management, decision making on imports, documentation accompanying shipments, and liability resulting from damages caused by LMOs. A medium-term program of work has been adopted by the parties, which includes the potential contribution of conservation biologists to delivering capacity building, developing risk assessment guidance, evaluating mechanisms of potential ecological damages from LMOs, and other issues. Conservation biologists and other experts have opportunities to influence the negotiations and implementation of the protocol by providing inputs at meetings, offering expertise to governments and organizations, and participating in or developing relevant projects and initiatives. Involvement of conservation biologists in the implementation and further development of the protocol would contribute to its effectiveness.